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    Nepal officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is located in the Himalayas and bordered to the north by the People's Republic of China, and to the south, east, and west by the Republic of India. With an area of 147,181 square kilometres (56,827 sq mi) and a population of approximately 30 million, Nepal is the world's 93rd largest country by land mass and the 41st most populous country. Kathmandu is the nation's capital and the country's largest metropolis.

     Nepal is a country of highly diverse and rich geography, culture, and religions. The mountainous north has eight of the world's ten highest mountains, including the highest, Sagarmatha, known in English as Mount Everest. It contains more than 240 peaks over 20,000 ft (6,096 m) above sea level. The fertile and humid south is heavily urbanized.

     By some measures, Hinduism is practised by a larger majority of people in Nepal than in any other nation. Buddhism, though a minority faith in the country, is linked historically with Nepal as the birthplace of the Buddha. About half of the population live below the international poverty line of $1.25 a day.

     A monarchy throughout most of its history, Nepal was ruled by the Shah dynasty of kings from 1768, when Prithvi Narayan Shah unified its many small kingdoms. In 2006, however, a decade-long People's Revolution by the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) along with several weeks of mass protests by all major political parties of Nepal culminated in a peace accord, and the ensuing elections for the constituent assembly voted overwhelmingly in favor of the abdication of the last Nepali monarch Gyanendra Shah and the establishment of a federal democratic republic in 28 May 2008. The first President of Nepal, Ram Baran Yadav, was sworn in on 23 July 2008.

Etymology
Nepal Bhasa origin
The word "Nepal" is believed by scholars to be derived from the word "Nepa:" which refers to the Newar Kingdom, the present day Kathmandu Valley. With Sanskritization, the Newar word Nepa became Nepal. The Newars of present day Nepal, refer to all the inhabitants of Kathmandu valley and its peripheries (called "Nepa:") before the advent of Shah dynasty.

Ne Muni
History and local traditions say that a Hindu sage named "Ne" established himself at the valley of Kathmandu during prehistoric times and that the word "Nepal" came into existence as the place protected ("pala" in Sanskrit) by the sage "Ne". The etymology of the name Nepal means, "the country looked after by Ne".

He used to perform religious ceremonies at Teku, the confluence of the Bagmati and Bishnumati rivers. He is said by legend to have selected a pious cowherd to be the first of the many kings of the Gopala Dynasty. These rulers are said to have ruled Nepal for over 500 years. He selected Bhuktaman to be the first king in the line of the Gopal (Cowherd) Dynasty.The Gopal dynasty ruled for 621 years. Yakshya Gupta was the last king of this dynasty.

According to Skanda Purana, a rishi called "Ne" or "Nemuni" used to live in Himalaya.[16] In the Pashupati Purana, he is mentioned as a saint and a protector.[17] He is said to have practised meditation at the Bagmati and Kesavati rivers[18] and to have taught his doctrines there too.[13]

Geography:
Nepal is a small, sovereign independent kingdom, bounded on the north by the Tibetan autonomous region of the People’s Republic of China, and on the east, south and west by India. The length of the kingdom is 885km east- west and its breadth varies from 145 - 241km north- south. The country can be divided into three main geographical regions.

Himalayan Region:
The altitude of this region ranges between 4,877m. - 8,848m. It includes eight of the 14 highest summits in the world, which exceeds an altitude of 8,000m including Everest, Annapurna, Dhaulagiri and others. It is the home for about 8%of the total population.

Mountainous Regions:
This region accounts for about 68% of the total land area. It is formed by the Mahabharat range that soars up to 4,877m and the lower Churia range. It is the abode of about 45% of the population of the country.

Terai Region:
The low- land Terai occupies about 17% of the total land area of the country. This region encompasses the majority of the Country’s cultivable land and supports 47% of Nepal’s population.

History:
Nepal from time immemorial has been an independent and sovereign country with glorious history, culture and tradition. Now a unified Nepal was once a collection of feudal principalities. In 1768 AD, Prithvi Narayan Shah, the ruler of the House of Gorkha and later the first Shah King of unified Nepal, unified these diverse kingdoms and established a unified Nepal. Before this campaign of national integration was launched, Kathmandu Valley was ruled by the Malla Kings, whose contributions to art and culture is indeed great and unique. His Majesty King Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev is the twelfth King in the Shah dynasty. The new Democratic Constitution of the Kingdom was promulgated on November 9, 1990. Nepal is one of the founder members of South Asian Association for regional Cooperation (SAARC).

People:
Nepal has more than 61 ethnic groups and 70 spoken languages. Nepal has a population of 26,469,569 people made of different races and ethnic groups living in different regions, with diverse culture, languages and dialects. The Gurungs and Magars live mainly in the west. The Rais, Limbus and Sunwars inhabit the slopes and valleys of eastern mid hills. The Sherpas live in the Himalayan region. The Newars constitute an important ethnic group of the capital valley-Kathmandu. There are Tharus, Yadaves, Satars, Rajvanshis and Dhimals in the Terai region. The Brahmins, Chhetris and Thakuris are generally spread over all parts of the Kingdom.

Nepal at a Glance

Area                               : 147,181 Sq. Kms.

Latitude/Longitude      : 26 degrees 12' and 30' degree 27' North/80 degree 4' and 88 degree 12' East.

Capital                           : Kathmandu

People                         : 120 Ethnic Groups and 70 Spoken Languages.

Population                    : 3,000,0000 approx.

Political system     : Federal Democratic Republic

Topography                  : From the world's deepest gorge" Kali Gandaki " to the highest point on earth
                                        "The Everest".

Weather                      : Climate ranges from Tropical in the low lands to Artic in higher attitudes.

Seasons
                                       Summer : (March - May) 22 - 36 degree C
                                     Monsoon : (June - August) 18 - 32 degree C
                                       Autumn : (September - November) 10 - 18 degree C
                                       Winter : (December - February) 1 - 15 degree C

Time    : Nepal time is 5 hours 45 minutes ahead of GMT